IT and geometry
Configurations
Painkiller Heaven's got a Hitman (Battle out of Hell)
Minimum configuration
CPU: Intel Atom or AMD Phenon 1.6 GHz (Intel Pentium 4 2.0 GHz)
RAM: 346 MB (460 MB)
HDD: 2 GB (4 GB)
Video card: 32 MB (64 MB)
Recommended configuration
CPU: Intel Pentium 4 or AMD equaliet 1.86 GHz (Intel Pentium 4 2.2 GHz)
RAM: 460 MB (512 MB)
HDD: 2 GB (4 GB)
Video card: 64 MB (64 MB)
Painkiller: Overdose
Minimum configuration
CPU: Intel Pentium 4 2.2 GHz
RAM: 512 MB
HDD: 6 GB
Video card: 64 MB
Recommended configuration
CPU: Intel Pentium dual-core 2.4 GHz
RAM: 1 GB
HDD: 6 GB
Video card: 128 MB
Painkiller: Resurrection (Redemption)
Minimum configuration
CPU: Intel Pentium dual-core 1.86 GHz
RAM: 512 MB
HDD: 4 GB
Video card: 64 MB
Recommended configuration
CPU: Intel Pentium dual-core 2.4 GHz
RAM: 512 MB
HDD: 4 GB
Video card: 128 MB
Painkiller: Reloaded
Minimum configuration
CPU: Intel Pentium dual-core 2.4 GHz
RAM: 1 GB
HDD: 7 GB
Video card: 512 MB
Recommended configuration
CPU: Intel Core i3 2.0 GHz
RAM: 2 GB
HDD: 7 GB
Video card: 512 MB
Painkiller 6
Minimum configuration
CPU: Intel Core i3 2.4 GHz
RAM: 2 GB
HDD: 10 GB
Video card: 512 MB
Recommended configuration
CPU: Intel Core i5 2.3 GHz or Intel Core i7 2.0 GHz
RAM: 3-4 GB
HDD: 10 GB
Video card: 1 GB
Apache Log4j
Log4j 1.2 configuration
There are three figuratio bt ways to configure log4j: via properties file, via XML file and via Java code. Whichever one you choose, there are three main components that can be defined: logs, interfaces and layouts. The advantage of configuring logging via a file is that log tuning can be done without modifying the application using log4j. The application can be run without logging until a problem occurs, for example, and then logging can be turned back on simply by modifying the configuration figuratio bt file.
Loggers represent logical log file names. These are the names that are used in Java applications. Each logger is independently configurable, you can specify the level of logging (FATAL, ERROR, etc.) in the current log file. In previous versions of log4j, there were also categories and priorities, but these are now called loggers and levels.
The actual outputs are produced by appenders. There are a number of appenders available with descriptive names e.g. FileAppender, DailyRollingFileAppender, ConsoleAppender, SocketAppender, SyslogAppender, NTEventLogAppender and SMTPAppender. Each logger can be assigned multiple drivers, figuratio bt so it is possible to log the same information to multiple outputs, e.g. to a local file and a socket listener on another computer at the same time.
The drivers use layouts to format the log entries. One-at-a-time log file formatting is a popular pattern layout that uses a pattern string like the C/C++ printf function. There are also HTMLLayout and XMLLayout layout formatters for using HTML and XML respectively for convenience.
For debugging a malfunctioning configuration, the -Dlog4j.debug Java VM property can be set to direct the output to the standard output. The code snippets responsible for where log4j.properties and log4j.xml were loaded from are getClass().getResource("/log4j.properties"), getClass().getResource("/log4j.xml").
There is also an implicit non-"configured" configuration of log4j, which is activated for Java applications without log4j configuration. It prints a warning on standardd output that the program is not configured, prints the URL to the log4j web page where you can see more details, and prints a description of the log4j figuratio bt configuration. Once the above warning is printed, the unconfigured log4j application will no longer print INFO, DEBUG or TRACE or higher level messages.
Portals
log4c - a C language port. Log4C is a C-based logging library released on SourceForge under the LGPL license. It contains autoconf and automake files for many Unix operating systems. It also contains a Makefile for use with MSVC under Windows. Developers can optionally use their own make system to compile source code according to their build requirements. An instance of the log4c library can be configured in three ways: with environment variables, programmatically, or via an XML configuration file. The last version 1.2.1 was released in 2007, since then the project has been discontinued.[6]
log4js - a JavaScript implementation. Log4js is available under the Apache Software Foundation license. A special feature of Log4js is its ability to log browser events on a remote server. Using Ajax, it allows you to send logging events in several different formats (XML, JSON, plain ASCII, etc.) to a server in order to be evaluated there. The following interfaces have been implemented within the log4js framework: AjaxAppender, ConsoleAppender, FileAppender, figuratio bt JSConsoleAppender, MetatagAppender, and WindowsEventsAppender; and the following layout classes exist: BasicLayout, HtmlLayout, JSONLayout, and XMLLayout. The latest release was 1.1, released in 2008[7].
log4javascript - another JavaScript implementation. Log4javascript is a JavaScript logging framework based on log4j. The latest version was 1.4.2 released in October 2011.[8]
Apache Log4net - a Microsoft .NET Framework implementation. Originally developed by Neoworks, the code base was donated to the Apache Software Foundation in February 2004. The framework is similar to the original log4j, although it also takes advantage of the new capabilities of the .Net runtime environment. It provides both embedded diagnostic context (NDC) and mapped diagnostic context (MDC). Its latest release was version 1.2.11, released in 2011.[9]
log4perl Archived 23 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine - A Perl implementation of the popular log4j logging package[10]
log4r - A Ruby implementation. Log4r is inspired by the Apache Log4j project, and many of its features have been implemented within the project, but it is not a direct implementation or clone of it. Despite the high degree of similarity, the projects are not related in any way, their code bases are completely different. Log4r was developed without even looking at the code of Apache Log4j.[11]
Apache Subversion
Subversion (SVN) is a version control system launched by CollabNet Inc. in 2000. It is used to manage current versions and histories of files such as source code, web pages and documentation. It is intended to be the most compatible successor to the widely used Concurrent Versions System (CVS).
Subversion is well known in the open source community and is used in many open source projects such as Apache Software Foundation, KDE, GNOME, FreeBSD, Free Pascal, GCC, Python, Ruby, Samba and Mono. SourceForge.net and Tigris.org also provide Subversion services for their open source projects. Google Code and BountySource systems use it exclusively.
Subversion is also used in the corporate world. In 2007, according to a report by Forrester Research, Subversion was the sole leader in the Standalone Software Configuration Management (SCM) category and a strong contender in the Software Configuration and Change Management (SCCM) category.[2]
Subversion is distributed under the Apache License, making it free software.
The specified complexity is William Dembski's argument in support of intelligent design. According to Dembski, the concept is a formal description of a property that can be used to find patterns that are both specified and complex. Dembski's notion is a central argument for intelligent design, that specified complexity is a reliable indicator of the design of life by an intelligent designer. Dembski and others in the intelligent design movement often use this idea, alongside unspecified complexity, as an argument against evolution.
The view of "specified complexity" is widely considered to be mathematically meaningless, and is not supported by independent research in information theory, complexity theory, or biology[1][2][3]
According to Dembski, specified complexity is present in a configuration if it exhibits a pattern that contains a large amount of independently specified information and is also complex. In Demski's terminology, a configuration is complex if the probability of its occurrence is low. He gives the following example to illustrate the concept: 'An independent letter of the alphabet is specified but not complex. A long sentence with random letters is complex but not specified. A Shakespeare sonnet is both specified and complex." Dembski argues that uncontrolled processes - natural selection, he argues - cannot produce patterns that are both specified and complex in this sense, and therefore, he argues, the specified complex structures that exist in nature imply a controller that has intervened in their formation, and that this intervention implies intelligence on the part of that controller. Dembski argues that, using the 'no freebie' method, it can be shown that evolutionary algorithms are incapable of generating highly specified complex configurations.
A study by Wesley Elsberry and Jeffrey Shallit points out that "Dembski's work is riddled with self-contradictions, identity-based reasoning, faulty use of mathematics, poor research, and misinterpretation of others' results."[4] Dembski's probability calculations are not considered appropriate by the scientific community. Martin Nowak, Professor of Mathematics and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, notes. We don't have the information to make this kind of calculation."[5] Critics point to "specified complexity" as an example of an argument from ignorance ("Argumentum ad ignorantiam") as a sign of design.
Configurations
Hyperboloids with nested single sheaths. In projective spaces, similar configurations of regularities are
In the configurations formed by a pair of line segments, all pairs of line segments are segmented. Two configurations are isotopic if one can be transferred to the other by continuous motion, while all pairs of lines remain displaced throughout. In dimensions higher than three, it is easy to see that all configurations with the same number of elements are isotopic. In three dimensions, however, there can be several configurations with the same number of elements if the number of elements is at least three. (Viro & Viro 1990). In a three-dimensional real Euclidean space, the number of configurations with n equations starts at n = 1:
1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 19, 74, ... (A110887 series in OEIS)
The regularities are configurations of projective spaces with known deflection lines, which are also used in the coverings.
Sylvester-Gallai theorem
Projective and dual versions
Searchtool right.svg Read more about De Bruijn-Erdall's theorem (fitting geometry)
The theorem is also satisfied in the real projective plane. This is not a true generalization, because every finite projective point set can be transformed into a Euclidean point set with its two-pointed lines defined by it. From a projective point of view, however, it is simpler to describe certain configurations.
Due to projective duality, the duality of the theorem is also satisfied in the projective plane. Considering lines instead of points, and conversely, points instead of lines: if a finite number of lines do not define a point, then there will be a point through which two lines pass. This is more complicated in the Euclidean plane because of the existence of parallelism.
Related problems
Paul Erdős and N. G. de Bruijn posed the question of how many points n not on a line define a line with two points, and whether the number of defined lines goes to infinity as n increases. The Sylvester-Gallai theorem states only the existence of a two-point line and does not care about the number of such lines defined. However, it is worth addressing this question.
Böröczky's pair configuration with 10 points and 5 two-point lines
Let t2(n) be the minimum number of two-point lines defined by n non-collinear points! Melchior says that t2(n) ≥ 3 for all n≥ 3. Dirac's conjecture, still open today, is that this minimum t2(n) ≥ ⌊n/2⌋. This conjecture is as sharp as possible, since for even numbers greater than four t2(n) ≤ n/2 is already proved. In the construction of Károly Böröczky: take a regular angle m and add m more ideal points, which are ideal points of the lines defined by the point m. This arrangement contains m two point lines, each containing an ordinary point and an ideal point, namely the ideal point of the line fitting the neighbours of the ordinary point. By means of projective transformations, the configuration can be transformed into a shape where all elements are ordinary.
The two known examples of n points defining n/2 ordinary lines are
For odd n, only two examples are known so far, which correspond to Dirac's conjecture, whose form for odd n is: 1=t2(n) = (n - 1)/2. The configuration of Kelly and Moser (1958): vertices, bisectors and midpoint of an equilateral triangle. This configuration does not exist in the real plane, since the three lateral bisector points lie on a straight line, but it can of course be embedded in the Fano plane. The other example is McKee's configuration: it contains two regular pentagons joined by an edge and an edge bisector; to this must be added four suitably chosen ideal points. These 13 points define 6 two-point lines.
In 2009, the best bound was the result of Csima and Sawyer (1993): t2(n) ≥⌈6n/13⌉ when n≠7. Asymptotically, this is ~92.3% of the upper bound 12/13. The case n=7 is an exception due to the Kelly-Moser construction, where the bound t2(7) ≤ 3.
A similar result is Beck's theorem, which links the issue of few lines with many points and the figuratio bt number of points per line.
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